I think chars with diacritics are indexed by Google. You can do a simple search using diacritics to see the results. I searched for "salutări Romania" and I found results. By the way, I'm from Romania too.
i think the main and superb benefit of using db is you can make your site dynamic.all just u need is to change contents in your db and it will reflect in your pages.you dont have to change the page's HTML all the time.PHP will help to retract the data from db and show them in HTML.