Got temporarily locked out and passed the captcha, went to do the phone verification, but code was never sent. Turns out twitter was blocked from sending me texts for some reason as I never blocked them myself. Went to go hit the button to get a new code and they hit me with, "You have exceeded the number of attempts to verify your phone. Try again later." I waited for 3 hours for the ability to verify to come back after I unblocked the number, was able to get a new code, got a code and put it in, but my account was not restored and I got sent back to the "Exceeded number of attempts" again and now I have to wait again. I don't know what is going on.
Give it 24 hours and try again. If you get locked out again, give it another 24 hours and try again. Those things happen. The best thing you can do is just wait and try again.