Syntax help

Having a background of mostly pascal and c i went to the Javascript syntax page on Wikipedia and my mind exploded. I don't understand how variable declarations work without types

I need to create an array of an object with several fields (one of them being an array of strings initialized to 0 elements), and a variable to accept a return value from a function that returns an array of strings.

The data type i need with usage (in pseudo-code):

type document is
	string name = "";
	string kind   = "";
	string directory = "";
	string system_id = "";
	string schematic_id = "";
	string[] associated_systems_ids;
end type;
document[] documents;
documents.add("Joe","?","C:\","12","13",("9","8,"7"));
documents.add("Bob","!","D:\","14","15",("6","5,"4","3"));

Code (markup):

The function with call (in pseudo-code):

function foo() begin
	string[] bar = "1","2","3";
	return bar;
end foo;
string[] data = foo();

Code (markup):