You can use the URL inspection tool on GSC (Google Search Console) to check the crawl/index status of a URL. The report contains a "Google-selected canonical" value that points to the actual webpage that Google chose for the content. Google can & will display some other webpage from the same or an external website in some cases. Sometimes the URL can point to a spammy or dangerous site. Dan Lauer wrote on BlueSky, "I have never seen Google selected canonical to be a spammy site before like this? This is for a new clients blog and its not indexed yet. I discovered this inspecting it in GSC." Here is the screenshot from the post: John Mueller from Google responded: "These things are impossible to say without more details. Sometimes domains have used the same interstitial / parked page, which can easily lead to this. I'd check back after a few weeks to see how it settles down, otherwise post in the help community with the full details." I have personally faced such a situation multiple times and here is what I noticed: If you have multiple home pages for a website with each pointing to a different language using hreflang attributes, Google may treat all these pages as duplicates of the main home page. If an authority site or a parasite copy-pastes the exact same contents of your webpage, Google may treat that as the selected canonical to your webpage and choose to display that webpage in SERPs instead of yours. If a document or media from your webpage is uploaded to an authority site (for example, pdf to archive.org or video to youtube), Google will choose the authority site. If it happens to your webpages, you'll receive “Duplicate, Google chose different canonical than user” message in GSC. You can check the URLs and try to fix them by adding a canonical (if it doesn't exist) or by updating the content.
Yes, URL Inspection is definitely one of the best ways to verify whether Google has crawled and indexed a page. The selected canonical is also worth checking when Google chooses a different URL than the one you specified.