Does document, pdf, presentation and spreadsheet files has any effect in optimizing a website for search engines? Do search engines also crawl them?
Google crawls these documents since 2008; I've not read exactly how. I can logically predict they do similarly to HTML content. Other major search engines (msn, yahoo) probably do by now also. But if you can create an optimized HTML page specifically for the file in question, do so. http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/10/picture-of-thousand-words.html
I remember Matt Mcgee writing SEO for PDF's back in '06. You'll have to look up the most recent specific SEO strategy for your desired filetype. My opinion, they can rank themselves in the SERPs to increase your search engine saturation. That is how I perceive them and I'm sure there is a way to help the overall domain but who is going to complain when they have another page/document ranking on their desired keyword?
Search engines like Google will not only crawl and index the contents of those various types of documents, but they will also follow and count hyperlinks from within documents like PDFs to various pages on the web. They have been doing this for years. Have you never seen a PDF in the SERPs?