Let's say you have many internal links on every page of your website. Does that mean that any outgoing links will only result in a small Google PR loss?
Lots of internal linking between pages is good for your site. Internal linking is a very important factor in improving your SERPS.
I agree, internal linking also makes the work of spiders all that much easier as they can bounce from one page to the next..more indexed pages in the SERP's means more hits for your site long term.
Can internal linking be overdone? Let's say you have over 10,000 pages of content. How many links is too many? 50? 100? 150?
The easier it is for search engines to find the pages in your site the better. This can usually be accomplished by creating a sitemap with a link to every page. Pages linked from the home page get more importance from search engines and on one of my sites I have found that the links in the navigation menu (they're linked to from every page) have the same PR as the home page as well as fantastic rankings.
Let's say you have 20 links in your left hand navigation menu. Can you repeat these links in your footer to boost the PR of your internal links times two?
Do those links contain keywords? and is it obvious that they are keywords...if so thats getting towards keyword stuffing...and thats frowned upon by the big G in particular. Personally id stear clear of that.
I'm not sure what you mean by "PR loss". If page x has a PR of 5, it will have a 5 if it has one outbound link, or one hundred. The only difference is how much PR is conferred to the sites you link to. There is no "loss".
Beg all you like. Your logic is flawed. You start with 0 and every site that links to you passes a proportion of it's PR to you, without losing any of it's own. If enough sites link to you, your PR incrementally rises. How does that mean that everyone would have PR 10?
websiteideas and mister_tut: I'd say that the discussion is not about direct PR leak (you lose PR if you link to others), but about rather about "indirect leak", that is, if you link out from a page with few internal links, you "vote" for others, while you could instead, thru internal linking, give part of that "vote" to one of your pages. But the question here is if the formula that we know for PR is right, or rather how much google has modified it since thy wrote their Page/Brin academic paper on PageRank. Hope you understand what I mean, if smth is unclear just shout.
If I have a PR 5 webpage with no outgoing links and I then place 100 affiliate links on that page, it will remain a PR5 assuming nothing else has changed. Is that what you're saying?
Yup. If you link from that page(page A) to one other page (page B), all of page A's voting power goes to increase page B's PR. If you link out to 100 pages, page A is still PR5, but each of those other sites will get 1% of page A's votes. The way you envisioned it earlier, all pages with no outgoing links would have PR10 and all with outgoing links would have PR0. That is a logical contradiction and therefore impossible.