i noticed that i have a bunch of inbound links to a domain that has been permanently redirected to my new domain. would it be beneficial in any way to get those links changed to the new domain, or are they still passing link equity through the 301?
yes, you will get all the credits of those links thru 301 permanent redirect. Only make sure it has the right syntax in .htaccess file
You'ld do better not to move the links actually. Aged links you are 301 redirecting are more valuable then fresh direct links.