No, as far as I know. That stuff is done with cron jobs. Setting a cron job to run a php file at a defined time/loop is possible.
Seriously how do you think you could trigger an event on your server?! Unless you're there and double-click it yourself, your only choice is a cronjob.
the trigger is the cron. just set a cron up on your script. you could even do it from another server and just use wget
If your site has visitors in the interval when you want to do that sql query, than you could use: register_shutdown_function() PHP: to start automatically a function from your php script AFTER everything is executed and connection to the user closed. The function could check the time and if it's around the timestamp you want (+/- a few seconds/minutes - depends on how many visitors your site has), you could run the query. The best thing is still to use cron jobs but if the hosting company doesn't allow those, then this may help.