This depends on the change; usually if it's not to drastic in effecting the content, heading structure and internal link structure you won't have any effects; however, there might be a temporary fluctuation in results as Google caches the new pages.
This depends on the scope of the change that your wordpress theme change brought upon, if it installed different directory hierarchy, changed home page url, etc. then you may expect a lot of fluctuations in the rankings.
Thanks brothers, So its means better not to change it right? because I am not sure the characteristic os this new theme I would like to set
Hi there, Changing theme doesn't affect your index pages, until you change it's content, or internal links.
Its not effect anything if you change only layout. When you change your content, links and heading, keywords then it might be change your rank, index and so on.
only of your existing theme is having issues, then migrating to a new theme like Thesis wordpress theme will definitely help a lot in terms of scalability and modularity of code.
No there is no change to get any effect if you only change your them, but please remember if only them if you do change meta tag, title etc then it will be effect