If you change content then it has to be a significant change to see different ads. There are certain words that adsense bot has to pick which triggers the type of ads to show.
Yep google picks main keyowrds. Here you can read about it: http://www.google.com/services/adsense_tour/page5.html Oh when content is changed ads change
In my experience, it can take several days or a week for ads to change, especially for a new site with no PR.
If the page in on blog adsense bot may take 1 day to reflect new ads if it is a site plenty ofother pages with same kind of content , new ads can reflect with in 1 or 2 hours.