Of course backlinks will affect the ranking of your website, but if they're from bad sources, it will have a negative effect. Either create high quality blog posts that people want to link to... or do something like guest posting on a similar blog. Lots of niches will have similar blogs that you can do a guest blog post on and include a link to your blog. People will say that guest posts don't help anymore, but that's nonsense and only true if it's a poor quality post. Otherwise you want most backlinks to be natural.
You can increase your backlinks in many ways like writing blog posts, guest posts, blog comments, web 2.0s etc, among them the links which are considered to be of good quality only matters when it comes to ranking. How to get quality links? You need to write quality contents that you're target audience are looking for and also the blog where you post your quality article should be of high authority or at least it should have regular human visits. When you meet this quality parameter, then your site will come up in the search results.
Build more and more quality websites and post on those websites from where you are getting traffic. Backlinks are food for your website. So create it as many as you can but they should be quality websites not the useless ones.
Build back links from free resources such as directories, blogs, forums, social sites. Focus on quality back links and do not go after quantity only.
You can increase the rankings of your site by creating quality backlinks. This can be created via quality guest blogging and blog commenting.
Creating high quality backlinks and content( Article submission and blog creation) are the best option for your website
Here is an other way to get quality back links, competitors back links. But I strongly suggest you to do guest posting, where people can accept, don't publish your valuable articles in low authority sites & low traffic sites, select high authority sites keep pitching them and try to publish an article there.
Just do NOT spam. Play without breaking the rules. Post new UNIQUE content, post in Social Bookmarking sites. Don't forget about good keyword density!
Yes Inner Linking optimization methods are more important for websites, You can gives links to you own page links to inner page
Obviously the best way to obtain links, real links is to create great content. Generate great content and people will be happy to link it. I good way is to create the content, publish it in social networks, contanct with people/websites interested, publish it in forum, etc... and baklinks to your content will appear magically. And of couse this will affect to your ranking. The second way is to generate the backlinks yourself or to force them in some way...be carefull with this way. I know people loves guest posting, but I do not like it. I prefer to create the content for my own websites, doing in that way, baklinks will appear. More natural and sustainable