Lets take a new site which has unique content, good on-page, good number of quality backlinks...how long does it take for such site to get traffic from google... please say based on your experience...
Depends on your marketing tactics. But after getting indexed by Google you'll get a SERP however it might be in the last position but now it's your turn to get it first through off page marketing.
If your site have unique contents than google will index your site within 3/4 days once submit your site for listing. In the mean time give your site some quality backlinks for better ranking.
Pretty much what he said - except for "first through off page marketing" - that's incorrect as onsite SEO is far more important... and do you know what the number SEO tip of the year is? "Fresh Content" & it's being a said a lot... look around everyone swears by it & the ones that don't are the ones that say "first through off page marketing" - there's a reason for that.
Depends on how good your keyword rank in google search engine and the keyword search volume It can be less than a day or more than few months depends on how good your website
e.g. one of my websites, it was about online furniture shopping, get indexed and get 4 page rank during one month. and very important to start from yours keywords selection and meta tags for website!
I might be wrong, but I've read somewhere that it takes about half of the year to get normal traffic from google.
This is true. if the website is not optimized and if there are meta tags in it. it will be indexed by 2-3 months, but not having a stable traffics.
not much more to add to this to be honest. But what I would say is that it also depends on what keywords you are targetting and how many other sites are targetting those keywords.
I started a new Affiliate Website on 1/16/2012 and every post was indexed roughly an hour after it was posted. I have had 37 visitors from Google, 12 from Yahoo, 2 from Bing :-( and over 1,200 from non-search engines. To be honest, your better off without Search Engine traffic. There's more targeted, faster, and easier traffic without worrying about the next Panda.