I submitted my website to a few directories and got a few links on some blogs but according to Google Webmasters it says my website has 0 links to it. How long will it take for Google to recognize them?
It depends on a LOT of things... like how often the site where your link exists gets crawled, how deep in the site the page is where the link exists, how the site links to the page where your link exists (is it easily crawlable and well linked to on the site)... Also if the link is nofollow'd or the page where the link is has a <meta name="robots" content="nofollow"> or if the page where th elink is located is blocked by robots.txt the link will not be followed (i.e. counted as a valid backlink).
Probably finds them really quick. We will never know though. Id say quicker than Yahoo so just see when Yahoo finds them and chances are Google already did.
Just because they do not show in Google does not mean that Google has not found them. It takes months to show up in google.
make them crawl your websites as often as possible ==> update with fresh content so google can calculate how many you backlinks recently
If you are owner of website then you should use google webmaster tool or yahoo explorer. These can help you to find right information....