first clear about your doubts what you want how google index content of site or how google ranking to page? i m confused what you are saying that.
google has search engine spider to crawl your content and google has algo to measure the relevancy of your content and site.
Resources for you... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine http://www.howstuffworks.com/search-engine.htm
One of the fast and easy way to get Google index your site is let Google find your sites from sites that are already exist in Google database. For example, you can bookmark your site by using Digg and expect Google to crawl your site in very short amount of time.
The quality of content depends on the target keywords of your title, the number of words (400-600 words) I believe and bounce rate means how long the readers stay to read that content. That maybe I believe.
google spider index the content by their robot and its crawl the information and give u weight ur website