Here you go Ranking - Webmaster Tools Help Otherwise you may consider reading these comprehensive sources. SEOmoz | Beginner's Guide to Search Engine Optimization My Guide to SEO and Success I do not think no one could tell you exact way of Google ranking each new website since each of them are differents, thus a hundred of factors involved. I would recommend you do search this forum first, this similar question had been asked already for a gazillion times.
As i know google consider 200 point for ranking a point. The few basic factors are Quality of content Relevancy of title/content/meta tags Quality backlinks ... .. Latest- Page speed. Read google webmaster official blog for more details http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/