No one knows Google's algorithm for rankings and it's frequently changing. However, what we know about their principle is that they want links between sites to be natural. They don't want you to spend hours working to get links to rank. Instead they want you to spend time making your site valuable and useful to visitors by having great content. In turn this content will cause people to want to link to your site and share the information that you give on your website with the visitors on theirs'. This is how they will in turn rank you.
These should be considered for ranking factors: fresh content relevant links natural links manual works quality sites for link building purposes
I suggest you head on to Google Webmaster and read through their support pages. They have quality guidelines posted there as well as a primer that will help you get started on SEO the Google way. No one can tell you how Google's algos work, or which one strategy can get you high ranking. It's a combination of solid on-page SEO and continuous off-page SEO. Hope that helps. Have a good day!
Basic rule which Google is saying again and again is optimize your site for users, not Search engine. That is,make your website interesting and easy to use so that people visit it again and again.
Dont think this table works, i have many sites with different result like this one. One of strongest point is how many outgoings links have page which target your site. Example subpage with PR6 can easily make another site PR5-6 if have OBL 1or2... but if have OBL (outgoing backlinks) more than 100 effect will be minimal for receiving page. Also relevancy of linked site si very importnant, not only count of links.
Learn techniques and read articles about Google's algorithm. Also know different marketing strategies, because it will also help you increase your rank.
For the best results links that have high PR and relevant to your site. Sofar thats what seems to get my sites to the first page quickly.