When the webmaster or the visitors published a page in a social network like facebook google going to indexing this page? Also every pages shared is a backlink?
Yes, Facebook pages can and do get indexed. And since it's on Facebook, I think it's fairly easy for them to become high in the rankings, depending on the keyword.
Facebook pages get crawled so long as you don't make them private, or age resitricted so you have to login to see them. I've seen a few FB pages with quite high page ranks actually.
I think link inside facebook are can not be index by search engine since all the page on facebook are in private and needs to be login to see the whole page.