I'm currently learning java, but i don't think it'll be much use to me. What are more commonly used/website integrated languages, and how difficult are they?
You can use java for server side programming. Generaly you can use any code which can be executed on server, but as yourihost said, PHP is most used and it's very easy.
Well, I have several years experience with Java (RMI, beans, servlets, J2EE etc) and i also program in c/c++ its a total new world but it you know basic OO you only need to learn/take a look at the API and you can learn how to code with language x pretty fast. Reading books / tutorials about a programming language is also recommended if you start with a new programming language.
I would disagree about your statement of Java not being much use (unless you are going to get out of programming). Anyway, coding in C# and Java is really just about the same. Just learn the package paths and tiny variations between the two languages.
It depens on what you're aiming. PHP is the most popular language in hosting companies, so you can easily find a place to put your site. Java on the other hand has few, and more expensive, hostings. But, remember if you want to find a highly payable work, than better go with Java it's more enterprise (like .NET) PS. After learning Java you will never want to get back to PHP
There is a lot of dumbing down in Java and dogma and closemindedness in the Java community. It's a business language, for people with dumb bosses who like everything to be neatly squared away. I'd guess it could be quite hard to learn the nitty gritty of other languages if you start with Java. C is the language to start with (not C++). After all, most other language platforms are written in C. It's the Alpha and Omega.
You are right that C is the foundation of most well know languages, but nowadays learning C is like learning assembler. It's better to start of with OO language, later on it will pay off. For a complete newbie, I would recommend to start with Python. It's easy, dynamic, and can be used in web programming (ok, every language could be used), see Django.