I know only about link juice. I think it is the back links to your site. Other terms are unknown for me.
Link baiting is a link building technique, 'link juice' is slang for the effect of a backlink(s) (quality * quantity) and by link equity you usually define a page that is rated by the search engine as having higher relevance based on its link popularity and link contentcontext. But you know, it is usually just easier to Google it than wasting others time, maddyesign! Shame on you!