I just want to know from someone that isn't selling links, or has purchased them, whether or not they are useful. Also can they negatively affect my adsense account?
Sure ....... this is no problem so long the link sold or purchase is no follow .... that is if you want to stay within Googles policy. No follow links do not influence Page Rank. Suggested reading material Here Read it!
link sale/purchase dont make any difference with adsense income. If you purchase, you get traffic and more adsense $$$
if you wanna purchase link for fast targeted visitors, go for adwords, yahoo search marketing. if you wanna purchase link for seo purpose, it takes time to see the effect. your site will not be instantly popular by buying links. it takes time to build up traffic through link building.
Paid links are good for people that have enough money for SEO. But you should be carefull when buying. Site should have enough indexed pages and backlinks.