A website definitely helps to get one, but even if you manage to get an account without having a site, what will you use it for? Hubpages and Squidoo are worthless, unless you get really lucky, so I suggest you get a site and build quality content on it asap. Although you don't need a site to make money online, it can definitely help.
Simple no. But you can create free website from blogspot, Tk, article writing website: squodo etc. So when you have a website(its free or your own it doesn't matter) you can apply for adsense account.