yes ofcourse, if its SEO friendly and your site is linked using normal <a href=""></a> tags, then very much so
It sure does, if: 1. the page that links to your site is at least being crawled (check Google cache) 2. the link referring to your site is a normal HTML-compliant link, not a JavaScript link with a redirect, for example. Note that Google will not show all backlinks it knows about, but it will count them all nonetheless. Warkot
Well, my only tip would be to try and build quality backlinks via topic-specific directory submission. And well targeted link exchanges with quality topic related websites.