what steps can I take to optimize my apache to enhance performance on a large scale site? I receive about 100,00hits/day and sometimes its just very hard to load site for 10-15 seconds and then everything goes normal? by the way my current httpd.conf file looks like this: ServerType standalone ServerRoot "/usr/local/apache" PidFile /usr/local/apache/logs/httpd.pid ScoreBoardFile /usr/local/apache/logs/httpd.scoreboard Timeout 300 KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 0 KeepAliveTimeout 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 StartServers 5 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 500 BindAddress * Listen 80 Listen 443 ## THESE LINES ARE NEEDED FOR PHP SUPPORT ## Include "conf/mod_php.conf" ############################################ <IfModule mod_status.c> ExtendedStatus On <Location /dsm-server-status> SetHandler server-status Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.1 </Location> </IfModule> Port 80 User nobody Group nobody # # ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be # e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such # as error documents. # ServerAdmin you@your.address # # DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your # documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but # symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations. # DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs" # # Each directory to which Apache has access, can be configured with respect # to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that # directory (and its subdirectories). # # First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of # permissions. # Options FollowSymLinks Includes <Directory /> AllowOverride All </Directory> # # Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow # particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as # you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it # below. # # # This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to. # <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"> # # This may also be "None", "All", or any combination of "Indexes", # "Includes", "FollowSymLinks", "ExecCGI", or "MultiViews". # # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All" # doesn't give it to you. # Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews # # This controls which options the .htaccess files in directories can # override. Can also be "All", or any combination of "Options", "FileInfo", # "AuthConfig", and "Limit" # AllowOverride None # # Controls who can get stuff from this server. # Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # # UserDir: The name of the directory which is appended onto a user's home # directory if a ~user request is received. # <IfModule mod_userdir.c> UserDir wwwroot </IfModule> # # Control access to UserDir directories. The following is an example # for a site where these directories are restricted to read-only. # #<Directory /home/*/public_html> # AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit # Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec # <Limit GET POST OPTIONS PROPFIND> # Order allow,deny # Allow from all # </Limit> # <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS PROPFIND> # Order deny,allow # Deny from all # </LimitExcept> #</Directory> # # DirectoryIndex: Name of the file or files to use as a pre-written HTML # directory index. Separate multiple entries with spaces. # <IfModule mod_dir.c> DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php default.php default.htm default.html index.php3 index.php4 index.php5 index.cgi index.pl </IfModule> # # AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory # for access control information. # AccessFileName .htaccess # # The following lines prevent .htaccess files from being viewed by # Web clients. Since .htaccess files often contain authorization # information, access is disallowed for security reasons. Comment # these lines out if you want Web visitors to see the contents of # .htaccess files. If you change the AccessFileName directive above, # be sure to make the corresponding changes here. # # Also, folks tend to use names such as .htpasswd for password # files, so this will protect those as well. # <Files ~ "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy All </Files> UseCanonicalName On # # TypesConfig describes where the mime.types file (or equivalent) is # to be found. # <IfModule mod_mime.c> TypesConfig /usr/local/apache/conf/mime.types </IfModule> DefaultType text/plain <IfModule mod_mime_magic.c> MIMEMagicFile /usr/local/apache/conf/magic </IfModule> HostnameLookups Off CustomLog /usr/local/apache/logs/access_log common ServerSignature On <IfModule mod_alias.c> Alias /icons/ "/usr/local/apache/icons/" <Directory "/usr/local/apache/icons"> Options Indexes MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # This Alias will project the on-line documentation tree under /manual/ # even if you change the DocumentRoot. Comment it if you don't want to # provide access to the on-line documentation. # Alias /manual/ "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/manual/" <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/manual"> Options Indexes FollowSymlinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that # documents in the realname directory are treated as applications and # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the client. # The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias directives as to # Alias. # ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/" # # "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased # CGI directory exists, if you have that configured. # <Directory "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </IfModule> # End of aliases. # # Redirect allows you to tell clients about documents which used to exist in # your server's namespace, but do not anymore. This allows you to tell the # clients where to look for the relocated document. # Format: Redirect old-URI new-URL # # # Directives controlling the display of server-generated directory listings. # <IfModule mod_autoindex.c> # # FancyIndexing is whether you want fancy directory indexing or standard # IndexOptions FancyIndexing # # AddIcon* directives tell the server which icon to show for different # files or filename extensions. These are only displayed for # FancyIndexed directories. # AddIconByEncoding (CMP,/icons/compressed.gif) x-compress x-gzip AddIconByType (TXT,/icons/text.gif) text/* AddIconByType (IMG,/icons/image2.gif) image/* AddIconByType (SND,/icons/sound2.gif) audio/* AddIconByType (VID,/icons/movie.gif) video/* AddIcon /icons/binary.gif .bin .exe AddIcon /icons/binhex.gif .hqx AddIcon /icons/tar.gif .tar AddIcon /icons/world2.gif .wrl .wrl.gz .vrml .vrm .iv AddIcon /icons/compressed.gif .Z .z .tgz .gz .zip AddIcon /icons/a.gif .ps .ai .eps AddIcon /icons/layout.gif .html .shtml .htm .pdf AddIcon /icons/text.gif .txt AddIcon /icons/c.gif .c AddIcon /icons/p.gif .pl .py AddIcon /icons/f.gif .for AddIcon /icons/dvi.gif .dvi AddIcon /icons/uuencoded.gif .uu AddIcon /icons/script.gif .conf .sh .shar .csh .ksh .tcl AddIcon /icons/tex.gif .tex AddIcon /icons/bomb.gif core AddIcon /icons/back.gif .. AddIcon /icons/hand.right.gif README AddIcon /icons/folder.gif ^^DIRECTORY^^ AddIcon /icons/blank.gif ^^BLANKICON^^ # # DefaultIcon is which icon to show for files which do not have an icon # explicitly set. # DefaultIcon /icons/unknown.gif # # AddDescription allows you to place a short description after a file in # server-generated indexes. These are only displayed for FancyIndexed # directories. # Format: AddDescription "description" filename # #AddDescription "GZIP compressed document" .gz #AddDescription "tar archive" .tar #AddDescription "GZIP compressed tar archive" .tgz # # ReadmeName is the name of the README file the server will look for by # default, and append to directory listings. # # HeaderName is the name of a file which should be prepended to # directory indexes. # ReadmeName README.html HeaderName HEADER.html # # IndexIgnore is a set of filenames which directory indexing should ignore # and not include in the listing. Shell-style wildcarding is permitted. # IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t </IfModule> # End of indexing directives. # # Document types. # <IfModule mod_mime.c> # # AddLanguage allows you to specify the language of a document. You can # then use content negotiation to give a browser a file in a language # it can understand. # # Note 1: The suffix does not have to be the same as the language # keyword --- those with documents in Polish (whose net-standard # language code is pl) may wish to use "AddLanguage pl .po" to # avoid the ambiguity with the common suffix for perl scripts. # # Note 2: The example entries below illustrate that in quite # some cases the two character 'Language' abbreviation is not # identical to the two character 'Country' code for its country, # E.g. 'Danmark/dk' versus 'Danish/da'. # # Note 3: In the case of 'ltz' we violate the RFC by using a three char # specifier. But there is 'work in progress' to fix this and get # the reference data for rfc1766 cleaned up. # # Danish (da) - Dutch (nl) - English (en) - Estonian (ee) # French (fr) - German (de) - Greek-Modern (el) # Italian (it) - Korean (kr) - Norwegian (no) - Norwegian Nynorsk (nn) # Portugese (pt) - Luxembourgeois* (ltz) # Spanish (es) - Swedish (sv) - Catalan (ca) - Czech(cs) # Polish (pl) - Brazilian Portuguese (pt-br) - Japanese (ja) # Russian (ru) # AddLanguage da .dk AddLanguage nl .nl AddLanguage en .en AddLanguage et .ee AddLanguage fr .fr AddLanguage de .de AddLanguage el .el AddLanguage he .he AddCharset ISO-8859-8 .iso8859-8 AddLanguage it .it AddLanguage ja .ja AddCharset ISO-2022-JP .jis AddLanguage kr .kr AddCharset ISO-2022-KR .iso-kr AddLanguage nn .nn AddLanguage no .no AddLanguage pl .po AddCharset ISO-8859-2 .iso-pl AddLanguage pt .pt AddLanguage pt-br .pt-br AddLanguage ltz .lu AddLanguage ca .ca AddLanguage es .es AddLanguage sv .sv AddLanguage cs .cz .cs AddLanguage ru .ru AddLanguage zh-TW .zh-tw AddCharset Big5 .Big5 .big5 AddCharset WINDOWS-1251 .cp-1251 AddCharset CP866 .cp866 AddCharset ISO-8859-5 .iso-ru AddCharset KOI8-R .koi8-r AddCharset UCS-2 .ucs2 AddCharset UCS-4 .ucs4 AddCharset UTF-8 .utf8 # LanguagePriority allows you to give precedence to some languages # in case of a tie during content negotiation. # # Just list the languages in decreasing order of preference. We have # more or less alphabetized them here. You probably want to change this. # <IfModule mod_negotiation.c> LanguagePriority en da nl et fr de el it ja kr no pl pt pt-br ru ltz ca es sv tw </IfModule> # # AddType allows you to tweak mime.types without actually editing it, or to # make certain files to be certain types. # AddType application/x-tar .tgz # # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this. # Despite the name similarity, the following Add* directives have nothing # to do with the FancyIndexing customization directives above. # AddEncoding x-compress .Z AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz # # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types: # #AddType application/x-compress .Z #AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz # # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers", # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server # or added with the Action command (see below) # # If you want to use server side includes, or CGI outside # ScriptAliased directories, uncomment the following lines. # # To use CGI scripts: # AddHandler cgi-script .cgi AddHandler cgi-script .pl # # To use server-parsed HTML files # AddType text/html .shtml AddHandler server-parsed .shtml # # Uncomment the following line to enable Apache's send-asis HTTP file # feature # #AddHandler send-as-is asis # # If you wish to use server-parsed imagemap files, use # #AddHandler imap-file map # # To enable type maps, you might want to use # #AddHandler type-map var </IfModule> # End of document types. # # Action lets you define media types that will execute a script whenever # a matching file is called. This eliminates the need for repeated URL # pathnames for oft-used CGI file processors. # Format: Action media/type /cgi-script/location # Format: Action handler-name /cgi-script/location # # # MetaDir: specifies the name of the directory in which Apache can find # meta information files. These files contain additional HTTP headers # to include when sending the document # #MetaDir .web # # MetaSuffix: specifies the file name suffix for the file containing the # meta information. # #MetaSuffix .meta # # Customizable error response (Apache style) # these come in three flavors # # 1) plain text #ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo. # n.b. the single leading (") marks it as text, it does not get output # # 2) local redirects #ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html # to redirect to local URL /missing.html #ErrorDocument 404 /cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl # N.B.: You can redirect to a script or a document using server-side-includes. # # 3) external redirects #ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html # N.B.: Many of the environment variables associated with the original # request will *not* be available to such a script. # # Customize behaviour based on the browser # <IfModule mod_setenvif.c> # # The following directives modify normal HTTP response behavior. # The first directive disables keepalive for Netscape 2.x and browsers that # spoof it. There are known problems with these browser implementations. # The second directive is for Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0b2 # which has a broken HTTP/1.1 implementation and does not properly # support keepalive when it is used on 301 or 302 (redirect) responses. # BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive BrowserMatch "MSIE 4\.0b2;" nokeepalive downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 # # The following directive disables HTTP/1.1 responses to browsers which # are in violation of the HTTP/1.0 spec by not being able to grok a # basic 1.1 response. # BrowserMatch "RealPlayer 4\.0" force-response-1.0 BrowserMatch "Java/1\.0" force-response-1.0 BrowserMatch "JDK/1\.0" force-response-1.0 </IfModule> # End of browser customization directives # # Allow server status reports, with the URL of http://servername/server-status # Change the ".example.com" to match your domain to enable. # #<Location /server-status> # SetHandler server-status # Order deny,allow # Deny from all # Allow from .example.com #</Location> # # Allow remote server configuration reports, with the URL of # http://servername/server-info (requires that mod_info.c be loaded). # Change the ".example.com" to match your domain to enable. # #<Location /server-info> # SetHandler server-info # Order deny,allow # Deny from all # Allow from .example.com #</Location> # # There have been reports of people trying to abuse an old bug from pre-1.1 # days. This bug involved a CGI script distributed as a part of Apache. # By uncommenting these lines you can redirect these attacks to a logging # script on phf.apache.org. Or, you can record them yourself, using the script # support/phf_abuse_log.cgi. # #<Location /cgi-bin/phf*> # Deny from all # ErrorDocument 403 http://phf.apache.org/phf_abuse_log.cgi #</Location> ### Section 3: Virtual Hosts # # VirtualHost: If you want to maintain multiple domains/hostnames on your # machine you can setup VirtualHost containers for them. Most configurations # use only name-based virtual hosts so the server doesn't need to worry about # IP addresses. This is indicated by the asterisks in the directives below. # # Please see the documentation at <URL:http://www.apache.org/docs/vhosts/> # for further details before you try to setup virtual hosts. # # You may use the command line option '-S' to verify your virtual host # configuration. # # Use name-based virtual hosting. # #NameVirtualHost *:80 # # VirtualHost example: # Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container. # The first VirtualHost section is used for requests without a known # server name. # #<VirtualHost *:80> # ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com # DocumentRoot /www/docs/dummy-host.example.com # ServerName dummy-host.example.com # ErrorLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log # CustomLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log common #</VirtualHost> # Added some ErrorDocument defaults ErrorDocument 400 /400.html ErrorDocument 401 /401.html ErrorDocument 403 /403.html ErrorDocument 404 /404.html ErrorDocument 500 /500.html Include "conf/mailman.conf" Include "conf/vhosts.conf" Include "conf/webmail.conf" Code (markup):
MySQL Optimization: BACKUP: cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.backup I use nano so for this you will see nano you can use whatever ditor you like: nano pico /etc/my.cnf Delete everything that is currently in the file and add: [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock skip-locking skip-innodb query_cache_limit=8M query_cache_size=256M query_cache_type=1 max_connections=500 max_user_connections=100 interactive_timeout=60 wait_timeout=60 connect_timeout=30 thread_cache_size=128 key_buffer=16M join_buffer=1M max_allowed_packet=16M table_cache=1024 record_buffer=1M sort_buffer_size=2M read_buffer_size=2M max_connect_errors=100 # Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency thread_concurrency=2 myisam_sort_buffer_size=64M #log-bin server-id=1 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash [isamchk] key_buffer = 256M sort_buffer_size = 256M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [myisamchk] key_buffer = 256M sort_buffer_size = 256M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout Code (markup): To Save: CTRL-X Restart Service: "service mysqld restart" or "service mysql restart" or "/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart" HTTP/APACHE Optimization: BACKUP: cp /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf.backup Use Pico (pico /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf) or Download via WinSCP for editing, Change the following settings in your httpd.conf... Set "Timeout" value to "Timeout 60" Set "KeepAlive" to "KeepAlive on" Set "KeepAliveTimeout" to "KeepAliveTimeout 3" Set "MinSpareServers" to "MinSpareServers 16" Set "MaxSpareServers" to "MaxSpareServers 32" Set "MaxRequestsPerChild" to "MaxRequestsPerChild 256" Set "HostnameLookups" to "HostnameLookups Off" Note: These settings will not work under all server environments its recommended that you tweak around with the numbers until your web server is running 100% please read Apache documentation before changing any settings so you know what you are changing http://httpd.apache.org/docs/ To Save: CTRL-X Restart Service: "service httpd restart" or "/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart" Hope this helps some. These are settings again that worked excellent on my machine.