If I have a long and short version of my domain name, do I gain or lose (or no effect at all) in search engine rankings by forwarding the short version to the long one?
If you own both domains and you want to use short domain for offline marketing purpose (less number of characters in print) and retain the long domain name for SEO purpose, you should do a redirect. I have tried these redirects with subdomains as well and I didn't see any bad impact.
301 redirect is a good solution. you can do it by an htaccess file. if your short domain banned or in sandbox, do not redirect it.