Well it's a bit tricky question. ex of cache and ex of indexed results. In total, cache is your website html code saved by Google and index is everything what you see when searching on Google. Tried my best. Did I helped you?
I would say that in regards to how a search engine looks at your site, caching refers to the retrieval of the most up-to-date version of a page already in their index whereas indexing refers to a totally new page being added to their index.
I think the cache is before the index. And I have proof. Cache is made by googlebot and takes a picture of the site. The site is usually indexed within 24 hours after the cache.
indexed = page that u can see coming in search results. cached = page that was crawled by google bot and it saved a copy of the page I have seen few times, that one of my page came in search results, but when I tried to see the cached page, I got a message that currently page isn't available
The cached page seems to be anywhere between 5-10 days out of date, depending when i'm checking site for keyword placing on google.
Hey, got some idea regarding the difference between the caching by Google and indexing. But can i get some ways to cache or index the site more speedily.