I manged to get linked on a filipino university that has a domain that ends with .edu.ph would that still count as a university in googles eyes? thanks
It will be a university in googles eyes, but they don't automatically give extra weight to a link from an edu. It just happens that a lot of edu domains do become authoritive, but that is a result of the content and links, Not the fact that it's an edu domain.
edu domains are usually older and more authoritative that is why they have high PR. What's the domain's PR?
As far as I know, google does not treat ANY top level domain special. Be it edu, gov or whatever. As other posters already said, the edu domains have usually high PR because they are cited a lot all over the web (they are the most natural sources, aren't they?). But keep in mind that Google also keeps track of topics. So if you got a link from a page that is totally unrelated to your topic (and your other backlinks), that will probably not do many good for you.
If you start a page on .edu website and make it rank. Its surely going to be easier. But, if you get backlinks from it(those PR0 ones) it wont have much weightage. Surely, people use .edu backlinks to show off the increase in there Page Strength(seomoz.org tool) etc. But it doesnt really effect that much.