Backlinks are updated rather frequently, I'd say 1-2 weeks. I am pretty sure it is your displayed PR that changes every couple of months.
Well, the time-factor thing may or may not be real. Consider highly-time-sensitive news, like the bridge that fell recently. If, say, CNN broke the story and had it up on their site first, and everyone linked to it quickly, wouldn't that story be at the top of the results for this particular search? (I know, I know, CNN's website has a LOT of 'trust,' so it's not a perfect example.) Someone said 'The link will be recognized as soon as it is in the general index.' Do you mean, as soon as the page is within the G index, the effects of that page's links start working? Sorry to keep hammering on this topic, but I think it's a less-understood but important subject. And thanks to everyone who has replied so far.
Interesting H, so why doesn't Google display those links? Yahoo can credit a site with thousands, but Google goes on the cheap and seems to acknowledge just a fraction.
Because google don't want other webmaster to spy on their competitors. But if you have an account in google webmaster tools you can see more of your links in google.
yes, do you think there is a time factor during page's links take effect(affect serp)? for my opinion, it take about 1-2 days to affect serp after than links put in google index for authority site. for a comon site, it may take long time(one week? two week? one month?)